A Study of the Role of Nurses in Preventing Pediatric HIV Transmission in Borno State
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Background of the Study
HIV transmission from mother to child (MTCT) remains a major concern, particularly in areas with high HIV prevalence such as parts of Nigeria. Pediatric HIV transmission can occur during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding. The role of healthcare providers, especially nurses, in preventing MTCT is crucial. Nurses play a key role in educating mothers, administering antiretroviral therapy (ART), and providing counseling and support to prevent transmission (Oladejo et al., 2023).
In Borno State, where the healthcare system faces significant challenges due to ongoing conflict and limited resources, preventing pediatric HIV transmission is an urgent public health priority. The study will explore how nurses contribute to reducing the risk of HIV transmission to children, focusing on their roles in ART administration, HIV testing, antenatal care, and postnatal care.
Statement of the Problem
Despite efforts to reduce pediatric HIV transmission, challenges persist in Borno State, particularly due to stigma, limited access to healthcare services, and the displacement of communities. Nurses, who are often the first point of contact for mothers, face various challenges in preventing MTCT. This study will examine how nurses contribute to HIV prevention in pediatrics and identify the barriers to their role in managing HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the role of nurses in preventing pediatric HIV transmission in Borno State.
- To assess the challenges nurses face in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission.
- To recommend strategies to enhance the effectiveness of nurses in preventing pediatric HIV transmission in Borno State.
Research Questions
- What role do nurses play in preventing pediatric HIV transmission in Borno State?
- What challenges do nurses face in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child in Borno State?
- What strategies can be implemented to improve the role of nurses in preventing pediatric HIV transmission in Borno State?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses play a significant role in preventing pediatric HIV transmission, but face barriers such as limited resources and training.
- Improved training and access to ART will enhance the ability of nurses to prevent pediatric HIV transmission in Borno State.
- The lack of community awareness and stigma around HIV contributes to the challenges faced by nurses in preventing pediatric HIV transmission.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on healthcare facilities in Borno State and assess the role of nurses in preventing pediatric HIV transmission. Data will be collected through interviews with nurses, healthcare providers, and patient records. Limitations include the challenge of reaching displaced populations and the potential lack of detailed medical data due to the conflict.
Definitions of Terms
- Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT): The transmission of HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.
- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): The use of medication to treat HIV, particularly during pregnancy to prevent transmission to the infant.
- Pediatric HIV Prevention: Strategies and interventions aimed at preventing the transmission of HIV to children, including ART and education.
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